{"id":16725,"date":"2011-05-23T21:38:20","date_gmt":"2011-05-24T02:38:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/artofmanliness.com\/?p=16725"},"modified":"2021-09-10T12:31:24","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T17:31:24","slug":"wilderness-survival-know-your-distress-signals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/skills\/outdoor-survival\/wilderness-survival-know-your-distress-signals\/","title":{"rendered":"Wilderness Survival: Know Your Distress Signals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-17281 size-full\" title=\"shackleton\" src=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/\/2011\/05\/shackleton.jpg\" alt=\"People watching ice racing near sea.\" width=\"492\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2011\/05\/shackleton.jpg 492w, https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2011\/05\/shackleton-320x216.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><br \/>\nLet&#8217;s say your plane crashes on a desert island and you&#8217;re stranded with only a rugby ball as your friend (a volleyball isn&#8217;t a manly enough companion for you). Each day you scan the skies, waiting, hoping, aching, to spot a rescue plane coming your direction. If a plane does buzz your island, will you be able to catch the pilot&#8217;s attention, or will he fly on by, oblivious to the crazed bearded man screaming below?<\/p>\n<p>Cell phones and GPS die and break. Knowing how to signal your distress with natural resources and basic tools is a valuable skill. Whether you&#8217;re marooned on an island or lost in the wilderness, a man needs to know how to get help.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Signal Fire 101<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_17273\" style=\"width: 551px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17273\" class=\"wp-image-17273\" title=\"lordflies\" src=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/\/2011\/05\/lordflies.jpg\" alt=\"Vintage boys making large bonfire. \" width=\"541\" height=\"354\"\/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17273\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Make sure you don&#8217;t miss your chance for rescue while hunting for a pig.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The most common and most effective method of signaling for help, assuming you don\u2019t have any form of electronic tech, is the signal fire.&nbsp; A well-built signal fire will attract attention for miles in every direction.&nbsp; It also has the added benefit of indicating to an airborne rescuer (i.e. helicopter) what the wind conditions are like in your location. &nbsp;A good signal fire differs in several ways from your basic <a title=\"How To Build a Roaring Campfire\" href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/articles\/how-to-build-a-roaring-campfire\/\">camp fire<\/a> or <a title=\"Three Essential Campfires: Snack Fire, Cooking Fire, and Comfort Fire\" href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/articles\/three-essential-campfires-snack-fire-cooking-fire-and-comfort-fire\/\">cooking fire<\/a>, however, and you will want to make sure you get these differences right in order for your signal to be as effective as possible.<\/p>\n<p>First, you will need to evaluate your resources.&nbsp; If you are in an area with an abundance of dry wood, there is no reason why you shouldn\u2019t keep your signal fire lit as long and often as possible.&nbsp; However, if you are in an area with little fuel available, you are much better off preparing a pyre and waiting until the appropriate moment, such as sighting a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/career-wealth\/career\/search-and-rescue-volunteer\/\">search and rescue<\/a> plane, occurs.&nbsp; You will want to place the pyre(s) in a large, open area on high ground where they are easily visible if possible.&nbsp; Consider building not one, but three of these pyres and placing them about 100 paces apart in a triangular configuration.&nbsp; Three is understood to be an international indicator of distress, as is the triangle layout.<\/p>\n<p>As for the construction of these pyres, you will want to build them in a manner that allows the wood to stay dry and ready to be lit.&nbsp; Furthermore, you will want to be sure that they are able to be lit immediately if possible.&nbsp; To accomplish this, build an elevated platform for your fire.&nbsp; Lean three long, straight boughs together in a teepee formation and bind them at the top with wire, cord, or vine.&nbsp; Then create a platform halfway down the branches by tying cross-thatched branches to the three supports.&nbsp; With this support system in place, you are ready to add your fuel.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17271\" style=\"width: 473px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17271\" class=\"wp-image-17271\" title=\"Guides - Scouting - Signal Fire\" src=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/\/2011\/05\/Guides-Scouting-Signal-Fire.jpg\" alt=\"How to burn a fire with dry tinder illustration. \" width=\"463\" height=\"463\"\/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An alternative to the teepee method.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">You want to have good, dry tinder for the first layer.&nbsp; If you can find one, an abandoned bird\u2019s nest makes excellent tinder, as does paper, wood shavings, or dry grass.&nbsp; After laying out a thick layer of tinder, layer on small wood kindling in the form of small broken up branches.&nbsp; Just as with a regular fire, as you add layers, the size of the fuel should increase as well.&nbsp; For a fire that burns slower but still emits a great deal of smoke, you can add a layer of peat moss, wet leaves, or other decaying plant life on top of your main fuel wood.<\/p>\n<p>Your signal fire needs to produce a great deal of smoke, so the final layer should consist of green, leafy vegetation or brush.&nbsp; Green, living brush creates a thick white smoke almost immediately when added to a burning fire.&nbsp; If you are stranded with a non-functioning vehicle, you can place tire rubber and crank-case oil on the top for a thick plume of black smoke, which makes your smoke more visible on a overcast day.<\/p>\n<p>At night, creating smoke is no longer as important and instead you want large visible flames.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17272\" style=\"width: 441px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17272\" class=\"wp-image-17272 size-full\" title=\"torch\" src=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2011\/05\/torch.jpg\" alt=\"Burning fire with tree leaves illustration. \" width=\"431\" height=\"315\"\/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17272\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tree Torch<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As an alternative to the traditional signal fire, you can create what the US Army calls a \u201ctree torch.\u201d&nbsp; If you can locate a tree in a clearing which has green leaves and is a considerable distance away from other trees (thus less likely to spark a forest fire), you can use it to make a giant torch.&nbsp; Load all easily reachable branches with dry tinder that will light easily.&nbsp; When lit, the tinder will burn while the living tree creates a massive smoke plume which will be visible for miles.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Audible Signals<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Aside from signal fires, there are several other methods of signaling you should have at the ready.&nbsp; Regarding noise-based signaling, you will want to follow the rule of threes as well.&nbsp; If you have a firearm, three shots spaced five seconds apart will signal distress.&nbsp; Additionally, by spacing the shots out you give anyone within earshot time to identify the sound and then focus in on the direction it is emitting from.&nbsp; Failing to space the shots out will likely result in anyone who hears them assuming you are a hunter who missed his first shot and is firing consecutive follow-up shots.<\/p>\n<p>If you don\u2019t have a gun with you, a whistle also makes an excellent signal.&nbsp; There really is no excuse for not having a whistle in your pack, as they are light and take up virtually no space.&nbsp; Again, follow the rule of threes when signaling.&nbsp; The added benefit of a whistle is that it requires little effort (as opposed to prolonged yelling) and it will never run out of ammunition.&nbsp; Even if you are completely incapacitated, as long as you are lucid enough to put the whistle in your mouth you will be able to signal with it.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Visible Signals<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In addition to your signal pyres, you can also build signal mounds indicating someone in the area is in distress.&nbsp; These are essentially three large rock piles arranged in a triangle in an open area visible from the sky.&nbsp; The taller the better, since taller structures will cast longer shadows, making them much more visible.&nbsp; If you are not immobilized and intend to stay on the move, use rocks or fallen logs to create a large arrow pointing in the direction you are traveling. &nbsp;Again, the higher and larger the better, making sure that your arrow is a minimum of ten feet long.&nbsp; Remember that if you do this, you will need to maintain travel in the indicated direction.&nbsp; Straying from your indicated course would be a potentially fatal error and could leave search and rescue looking in the wrong area.<\/p>\n<p>Flashlights and strobes are another obvious choice for signaling.&nbsp; If you have a target you are attempting to signal, flash out SOS in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/articles\/morse-code\/\">international Morse code<\/a> to make them aware of your situation (three short flashes, three long flashes, three short flashes). Another option is using a reflective metal or mirror to redirect available light for use as a signal.&nbsp; Signal mirrors are included in many first aid survival kits, but things like belt buckles can do in a pinch.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-17279 size-full\" title=\"mirrors2\" src=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2011\/05\/mirrors2.jpg\" alt=\"Emergency signal mirror illustration. \" width=\"500\" height=\"187\"\/>Finally, assuming your signal is successful, you\u2019ll need to be able to understand the signal being sent back to you.&nbsp; If an airplane flies overhead and rocks back and forth, dipping its wings consecutively, your message has been seen and is understood.&nbsp; At night, acknowledgment of a signal is accomplished by repetitive flashing of a green running light.&nbsp; If they have seen your signal but do not understand, they will fly a circle above you.&nbsp; In this event, you need to make every effort to clarify your situation.&nbsp; Holding your arms up in a Y pattern will indicate that yes, you do need help.&nbsp; Holding one arm up and one arm down, signifying an N shape, will indicate that no, you do not need assistance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let&#8217;s say your plane crashes on a desert island and you&#8217;re stranded with only a rugby ball as your friend (a volleyball isn&#8217;t a manly enough companion for you). Each day you scan the skies, waiting, hoping, aching, to spot a rescue plane coming your direction. If a plane does buzz your island, will you [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":17281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,277,42259],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured","category-outdoor-survival","category-skills"],"featured_image_urls":{"large":"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2011\/05\/shackleton-492x280.jpg","aom":"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2011\/05\/shackleton-372x230.jpg","reactor-320":"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2011\/05\/shackleton-320x216.jpg"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium 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